Mainjiniya ambiri amagetsi amayenera kugulitsa nawo bolodisoldering chitsulo, ndipo malata a solder ndi oopsa?
1.Kodi malata okhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo ndi chakupha?
Ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ena amadandaula kuti adagwiritsa ntchito malata a solder chaka chonse pafakitale ya PCB.Iye ankaona kuti wayamba kusokonekera, ndipo m’mimba munali kutupa pang’ono.Kodi ndi poizoni wa mtovu?
Ndipotu, zimadaliranso ngati waya wa solder womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira ndi chitsulo chopangira magetsi ndi chopanda kutsogolera kapena sichikugwira ntchito, ndipo magazi amayenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse.Ngati sichidutsa muyezo, sipadzakhala vuto konse.Kodi malata a solder ndi oopsa?
Nthawi zambiri, ngati chitetezo ndi kugula zinthu zakuthupi kumayendetsedwa molingana ndi miyezo ya dziko, malata a soldering sangawononge kwambiri.Tsopano kwenikweni zinthu zopanda lead zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mthovu ndi chinthu chapoizoni.Kuyamwidwa kwambiri ndi thupi la munthu kungayambitse chiphe.Kuchepa kwa mlingo kungakhudze luntha laumunthu, dongosolo lamanjenje ndi ubereki.Aloyi ya malata ndi lead ndiye solder yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Ili ndi ma conductivity abwino achitsulo komanso malo otsika osungunuka.Choncho, wakhala ntchito kuwotcherera luso kwa nthawi yaitali.Kawopsedwe wake makamaka amachokera ku mtovu.Utsi wamtovu wopangidwa ndi malata omangirira mosavuta ungayambitse poizoni wa mtovu.
Mtovu wachitsulo ukhoza kupanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi mtovu, amene onse amaikidwa m’gulu la zinthu zoopsa.M'thupi la munthu, kutsogolera kudzakhudza dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha ndi impso.Kuopsa kwa chilengedwe kwa mtovu kwa zamoyo zina kwatsimikiziridwa kawirikawiri.Magazi otsogola afika 10 μ G / dL kapena kupitilira apo adzatulutsa zovuta zam'magazi.Ngati atavumbulutsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe amagazi kumapitilira 60 ~ 70 μ G / dl kumayambitsa chiphe.
Mthovu uyenera kukhala wapoizoni.Tisaiwale za malata a soldering ali ndi mphamvu zochepa pa thupi.Ngakhale zitsulo wamba zimakhala ndi poizoni ngati zitachulukira.Pamene soldering malata, padzakhala utsi, amene ali chinthu chovulaza thupi.Pogwira ntchito, ndi bwino kuvala chigoba, koma chidzakhudzabe.Zachidziwikire, ngati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya wopanda lead, umakhala wotetezeka kwambiri kuposa omwe ali ndi mtovu.
2, Kodi solder wopanda lead ndi poizoni?
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira malata okhala ndi chitsulo chamagetsi chamagetsi ndi waya wa solder.Ngakhale kuti chigawo chake chachikulu ndi malata, chilinso ndi zitsulo zina.Imagawidwa kwambiri kukhala lead ndi yopanda lead (ie mtundu wachitetezo cha chilengedwe).Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo wa EU ROHS, mafakitale akuwotcherera a PCB ochulukirachulukira amasankha opanda lead komanso okonda chilengedwe.Waya wa lead solder akusinthidwanso pang'onopang'ono, omwe siwokonda zachilengedwe ndipo sangathe kutumizidwa kunja.Paste ya lead free solder, mawaya opanda lead komanso malata opanda lead ndizomwe zili pamsika pano.
Kunena mwachidule: malata omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala oopsa chifukwa amasungunuka, omwe amakhala ndi 60% lead ndi 40% malata.Malata ambiri pamsika amakhala opanda pake ndipo amakhala ndi rosin, motero mpweya womwe mwati umakhala wokhazikika pamene rosini mu malata osungunula amasungunuka powotcherera.Mpweya wotenthedwa kuchokera ku rosin ulinso ndi poizoni pang'ono.Mpweya umenewu ukununkha zoipa.
Choopsa chachikulu chazitsulo za soldering ndi utsi wa lead.Ngakhale malata osungunula opanda mtovu amakhala ndi mlingo wakutiwakuti wa mtovu.Malire a utsi wotsogolera mu gbz2-2002 ndi otsika kwambiri komanso oopsa, choncho amafunika kutetezedwa.Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa njira zowotcherera ku thupi la munthu ndi chilengedwe, ku Ulaya, chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito zowotcherera ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo.Kuwotcherera popanda njira zodzitetezera sikuloledwa.Muyeso wa ISO 14000, pali zomveka bwino pazamankhwala ndi chitetezo cha kuipitsidwa komwe kumapangidwa pamalumikizidwe opanga.
Tin lili ndi lead.Kale, mu waya wa solder munali ndi lead.Solder amaikidwa ngati malo owopsa pantchito (m'ndandanda wadziko lonse wa matenda a ntchito);Tsopano mabizinesi athu wamba amagwiritsa ntchito waya wopanda lead.Chigawo chachikulu ndi malata, ndipo pakati pa matenda ndi kupewa matenda amayesa tini dioxide;Palibe m'ndandanda wa matenda amtundu wa ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri, utsi wamtovu ukakhala wopanda mtovu sudzapitirira muyezo, koma palinso zoopsa zina m'malata osungunula.Mwachitsanzo, soldering flux (rosin zinthu) ali ndi zoopsa zina, zomwe ziyenera kuwonedwa molingana ndi momwe zilili.Ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amatha kuyang'ana chizindikiritso ndi gulu la malata omwe amagawidwa, kuti athe kulembedwa bwino ndikufunsa kuti kampaniyo ikonzenso (atha kupereka malingaliro awo ku bungwe lazamalonda lamkati mwafakitale).Ngati malatawo ali ndi mtovu, ayenera kuwononga thanzi lanu.M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, amaunjikana m’thupi ndipo amawononga kwambiri chitetezo cha m’thupi cha dongosolo lamanjenje.
Waya wa lead free solder ndi wochezeka ndi chilengedwe, koma waya wopanda lead ndi wovulaza thupi la munthu.Mawaya a solder otsika kwambiri alibe lead.Poyerekeza ndi waya wa solder wokhala ndi lead, waya wa solder wopanda msobvu uli ndi kuipitsidwa kochepa kwa chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu kuposa waya wokhala ndi lead.Gasi wopangidwa panthawiyisolderingndi poizoni, kuphatikizapo rosin mafuta, zinki kolorayidi ndi mpweya wina nthunzi.
3. Momwe mungapewere chitsulo chosungunuka ndi waya wa solder kukhala chakupha
Choyamba, mafakitale a PCB ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito waya wa malata a RoHS pamene akuwotchera zigawo ndi zitsulo zamagetsi, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino yopewera: mwachitsanzo, kuvala magolovesi, masks kapena masks a gasi, kumvetsera mpweya wabwino kuntchito, kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. dongosolo, kulabadira kuyeretsa pambuyo ntchito, ndi kumwa mkaka kungathandizenso kupewa kutsogolera kawopsedwe mu soldering malata.
1. Kupumula kwakanthawi: nthawi zambiri, muyenera kupuma kwa mphindi 15 kwa ola limodzi kuti muchepetse kutopa, chifukwa kukana kumakhala koyipa kwambiri mukatopa.
2. Kusuta pang'ono ndi kumwa madzi ochulukirapo, omwe amatha kuchotsa zinthu zambiri zovulaza zomwe zimatengedwa masana.
3. Imwani msuzi wa mung kapena madzi a uchi musanagone, zomwe zingachepetse moto ndi kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi maganizo, ndipo nyemba za mung ndi uchi zimatha kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa mtovu ndi kuyamwa ndi cheza.
4. Pewani ma radiation ndipo yesetsani kupewa kudikirira mafoni am'manja.
5. Mukhoza kuunikira chitsulo chosungunuka ndikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wowotcherera wa PPD.Mwanjira iyi, kutentha kukafika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa owotchera ndi rosin kuti muchepetse kuvulaza thupi lanu,
6. Pamene mafuta otenthetsera ndi malata amasuta, yesani kupukuta thambo ndi mutu wanu kumbali, ndipo yesani kupuma pamene mukutsuka madzi.
7. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ochepa a Tianna, gwiritsani ntchito mowa wambiri, ndipo muzitsuka kwambiri ndi mowa kwa kanthawi.Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana.
8. Sambani m'manja.
9. Sambani musanagone.Yesetsani kugona ndi kudzuka m'mawa kuti mugone mokwanira.Malingana ngati mukugona bwino, zonyansa zimatha kutulutsidwa ndi thupi lanu.
10. Gwirani ntchito ndi masks.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-12-2022